The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.
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| # | Institution | Share 2022 | Share 2023 | Count 2023 | Change in Adjusted Share* 2022–2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tsinghua University, China | 257.92 | 309.49 | 1073 | 3.7% |
| 2 | University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China | 271.83 | 303.41 | 1025 | -3.5% |
| 3 | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China | 217.78 | 249.70 | 1379 | -0.9% |
| 4 | Peking University (PKU), China | 191.78 | 239.27 | 1016 | 7.8% |
| 5 | Nanjing University (NJU), China | 205.65 | 237.63 | 645 | -0.1% |
| 6 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) | 191.96 | 232.85 | 902 | 4.8% |
| 7 | Zhejiang University (ZJU), China | 153.16 | 232.15 | 671 | 31.0% |
| 8 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China | 154.74 | 193.12 | 646 | 7.9% |
| 9 | Harvard University, United States of America (USA) | 174.89 | 185.82 | 884 | -8.2% |
| 10 | Stanford University, United States of America (USA) | 179.95 | 183.74 | 783 | -11.8% |
| 11 | The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan | 156.88 | 175.43 | 652 | -3.4% |
| 12 | Fudan University, China | 134.46 | 167.32 | 535 | 7.5% |
| 13 | Sichuan University (SCU), China | 84.39 | 146.43 | 283 | 50.0% |
| 14 | Soochow University, China | 110.58 | 144.67 | 327 | 13.1% |
| 15 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China | 104.38 | 144.58 | 346 | 19.7% |
| 16 | University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) | 141.59 | 140.22 | 550 | -14.4% |
| 17 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland | 126.30 | 137.60 | 427 | -5.8% |
| 18 | Wuhan University (WHU), China | 88.90 | 133.53 | 365 | 29.8% |
| 19 | Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), China | 103.17 | 126.62 | 426 | 6.1% |
| 20 | Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), China | 113.42 | 124.29 | 276 | -5.3% |
| 21 | Nankai University (NKU), China | 88.97 | 121.98 | 311 | 18.5% |
| 22 | National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore | 103.91 | 121.53 | 387 | 1.1% |
| 23 | Princeton University, United States of America (USA) | 97.73 | 119.46 | 571 | 5.7% |
| 24 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States of America (USA) | 82.43 | 117.50 | 586 | 23.2% |
| 25 | Jilin University (JLU), China | 99.45 | 116.82 | 283 | 1.5% |
| 26 | University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) | 118.05 | 116.21 | 737 | -14.9% |
| 27 | Shandong University (SDU), China | 92.89 | 113.89 | 379 | 6.0% |
| 28 | Central South University (CSU), China | 59.59 | 108.65 | 269 | 57.6% |
| 29 | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea | 106.56 | 108.19 | 220 | -12.2% |
| 30 | Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China | 100.61 | 108.15 | 332 | -7.1% |
| 31 | Hunan University (HNU), China | 76.00 | 108.11 | 280 | 22.9% |
| 32 | University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) | 99.21 | 107.52 | 621 | -6.3% |
| 33 | Tianjin University (TJU), China | 102.40 | 104.85 | 271 | -11.5% |
| 34 | South China University of Technology (SCUT), China | 68.53 | 103.17 | 244 | 30.1% |
| 35 | Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea | 73.95 | 99.41 | 299 | 16.2% |
| 36 | Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore | 98.20 | 98.02 | 321 | -13.7% |
| 37 | The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), United States of America (USA) | 79.48 | 95.03 | 468 | 3.3% |
| 38 | Cornell University, United States of America (USA) | 71.43 | 94.70 | 331 | 14.6% |
| 39 | Xiamen University (XMU), China | 71.94 | 93.31 | 196 | 12.1% |
| 40 | Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), China | 70.27 | 92.48 | 189 | 13.8% |
| 41 | Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), China | 81.02 | 92.28 | 242 | -1.6% |
| 42 | City University of Hong Kong (CityU), China | 65.21 | 91.99 | 268 | 21.9% |
| 43 | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States of America (USA) | 86.48 | 91.42 | 346 | -8.6% |
| 44 | Southeast University (SEU), China | 52.93 | 91.27 | 259 | 49.0% |
| 45 | Beihang University (BUAA), China | 70.60 | 91.09 | 370 | 11.5% |
| 46 | Shenzhen University (SZU), China | 57.77 | 89.43 | 201 | 33.8% |
| 47 | The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), United States of America (USA) | 80.76 | 87.01 | 514 | -6.9% |
| 48 | University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), United States of America (USA) | 84.39 | 86.53 | 329 | -11.4% |
| 49 | University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) | 79.40 | 86.04 | 561 | -6.3% |
| 50 | The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA) | 77.19 | 82.74 | 511 | -7.4% |
| 51 | Chongqing University (CQU), China | 51.56 | 82.69 | 175 | 38.6% |
| 52 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland | 83.05 | 81.12 | 315 | -15.6% |
| 53 | Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel | 66.49 | 78.12 | 273 | 1.5% |
| 54 | Northwestern University (NU), United States of America (USA) | 78.61 | 76.48 | 282 | -15.9% |
| 55 | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States of America (USA) | 74.92 | 75.46 | 474 | -12.9% |
| 56 | Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany | 76.92 | 74.85 | 381 | -15.9% |
| 57 | Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), China | 50.33 | 74.81 | 147 | 28.5% |
| 58 | Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea | 64.86 | 74.73 | 286 | -0.4% |
| 59 | Kyoto University, Japan | 78.49 | 74.54 | 323 | -17.9% |
| 60 | Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany | 69.18 | 73.60 | 261 | -8.0% |
| 61 | University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), United States of America (USA) | 62.33 | 72.78 | 252 | 0.9% |
| 62 | Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) | 77.97 | 70.61 | 384 | -21.7% |
| 63 | Lanzhou University (LZU), China | 41.33 | 69.91 | 214 | 46.2% |
| 64 | Zhengzhou University (ZZU), China | 58.30 | 67.85 | 244 | 0.6% |
| 65 | Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), China | 49.97 | 67.30 | 171 | 16.4% |
| 66 | University of Pennsylvania (Penn), United States of America (USA) | 68.77 | 65.34 | 249 | -17.9% |
| 67 | University of Toronto (U of T), Canada | 49.88 | 65.17 | 299 | 12.9% |
| 68 | Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea | 59.10 | 63.67 | 187 | -6.9% |
| 69 | University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA) | 46.48 | 63.45 | 524 | 18.0% |
| 70 | University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP), United States of America (USA) | 65.17 | 63.01 | 558 | -16.4% |
| 71 | Columbia University in the City of New York (CU), United States of America (USA) | 60.49 | 62.92 | 320 | -10.1% |
| 72 | Donghua University (DHU), China | 42.89 | 62.14 | 105 | 25.2% |
| 73 | University of Colorado Boulder (CU-Boulder), United States of America (USA) | 54.38 | 61.57 | 475 | -2.2% |
| 74 | Tohoku University, Japan | 53.29 | 61.25 | 421 | -0.7% |
| 75 | The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), China | 52.20 | 61.02 | 385 | 1.0% |
| 76 | Purdue University, United States of America (USA) | 44.99 | 60.17 | 203 | 15.6% |
| 77 | Tongji University, China | 41.66 | 57.49 | 157 | 19.3% |
| 78 | Yonsei University, South Korea | 44.33 | 57.17 | 245 | 11.5% |
| 79 | University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark | 44.67 | 56.98 | 360 | 10.2% |
| 80 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), China | 38.89 | 55.07 | 203 | 22.4% |
| 81 | Johns Hopkins University (JHU), United States of America (USA) | 53.77 | 54.79 | 411 | -11.9% |
| 82 | Yale University, United States of America (USA) | 59.00 | 53.76 | 504 | -21.2% |
| 83 | Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), United States of America (USA) | 41.61 | 53.30 | 171 | 10.7% |
| 84 | UCL, United Kingdom (UK) | 42.12 | 52.68 | 345 | 8.1% |
| 85 | Rice University, United States of America (USA) | 55.24 | 52.21 | 191 | -18.3% |
| 86 | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), South Korea | 33.26 | 51.34 | 128 | 33.4% |
| 87 | Wuhan University of Technology (WUT), China | 34.49 | 51.13 | 107 | 28.1% |
| 88 | Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Israel | 45.42 | 51.06 | 214 | -2.8% |
| 89 | The University of Hong Kong (HKU), China | 44.96 | 50.84 | 402 | -2.3% |
| 90 | Osaka University, Japan | 45.79 | 50.54 | 250 | -4.6% |
| 91 | University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), United States of America (USA) | 48.25 | 50.06 | 482 | -10.3% |
| 92 | University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China | 56.35 | 49.82 | 122 | -23.6% |
| 93 | The Ohio State University (OSU), United States of America (USA) | 40.03 | 49.57 | 492 | 7.0% |
| 94 | New York University (NYU), United States of America (USA) | 44.30 | 49.17 | 232 | -4.1% |
| 95 | The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), China | 46.75 | 48.56 | 313 | -10.2% |
| 96 | University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia | 33.68 | 47.92 | 141 | 23.0% |
| 97 | Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany | 52.44 | 47.55 | 350 | -21.6% |
| 98 | Sorbonne University, France | 46.47 | 46.83 | 596 | -12.9% |
| 99 | University of Minnesota (UMN), United States of America (USA) | 52.07 | 46.57 | 385 | -22.7% |
| 100 | Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel | 38.75 | 46.46 | 229 | 3.6% |
Footnote
Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:
- The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences and health sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
- The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 145 natural-science and health-science journals. The journals were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields. The list is reviewed periodically and journals may be removed or added. Articles from eLife were no longer included in the Nature Index from 2023 after the journal changed its publishing model.
- Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
- Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
- Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen research leaders.
Numerical information only is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
